Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your federal income tax and effective tax rate.
Estimated federal income tax
$8,114
2025 tax year, standard deduction
Taxable income
$60,000
Effective rate
10.8%
After federal tax
$66,886
Federal income tax only — state tax, FICA, credits, and itemized deductions aren't included. Uses 2025 brackets and standard deduction.
Marginal vs. effective
Brackets are marginal: only the dollars inside each band are taxed at that band's rate. A single filer earning $75,000 sits in the 22% bracket, but their effective rate — total tax over total income — is far lower, because the first slices were taxed at 10% and 12% after a $15,000 standard deduction.
What this estimate omits
Real returns include FICA payroll taxes (7.65% for employees), state and local income taxes, and credits like the child tax credit that can cut the bill sharply. Use this as a planning baseline, not a filing substitute.
Frequently asked questions
Is this my total tax bill?
No — this estimates federal income tax only. Your actual paycheck deductions also include Social Security and Medicare (FICA, 7.65% for employees), and most states levy their own income tax. Add those to see your full tax burden; the Take-Home Pay Calculator does exactly that.
Why is my refund not the same as my tax?
Your tax is what you owe for the year; your refund is the difference between that and what your employer already withheld from each paycheck. A large refund means you over-withheld — you lent the government money interest-free. Adjusting your W-4 can right-size it.
Does this use 2025 tax brackets?
Yes. The calculator applies the 2025 federal brackets and standard deduction ($15,000 single, $30,000 married filing jointly). It doesn't model itemized deductions, credits, or income types taxed at special rates like long-term capital gains.
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